



He established a new unified polity in Arabia that expanded rapidly under the Rashidun Caliphate and the Umayyad Caliphate, culminating in Islamic rule being established across three continents ( Asia, Africa, and Europe). The early Muslim conquests or early Islamic conquests ( Arabic: الْفُتُوحَاتُ الإسْلَامِيَّة, romanized: al-Futūḥāt al-ʾIslāmiyya), more commonly known as the Arab conquests, were initiated in the 7th century by Muhammad, the main Islamic prophet.
